Migrating Genesys Cloud User Resources to CX as Code Provider v1.35.0 Schema

What You Will Build

You will update existing Terraform configurations to comply with the breaking schema changes in the genesyscloud_user resource introduced in the CX as Code provider version 1.35.0. You will write a Python script using the Genesys Cloud Python SDK to audit current user configurations, identify deprecated attributes, and generate the corrected Terraform HCL blocks. You will validate the new configuration against the Genesys Cloud API using raw HTTP requests to ensure the genesyscloud_user resource applies cleanly without drift.

Prerequisites

• OAuth Client: A Genesys Cloud OAuth client with offline_access and the following scopes: user:read, user:write, routing:skill:read, routing:queue:read, organization:read.
• SDK Version: Genesys Cloud Python SDK v2.20.0 or higher.
• Language/Runtime: Python 3.9+.
• External Dependencies:
  • genesyscloud (PyPI package)
  • requests (PyPI package)
  • hcl2 (PyPI package, for generating HCL output)
  • terraform (CLI, for final validation)

Authentication Setup

The Genesys Cloud Python SDK handles the OAuth flow automatically when initialized with client credentials. For this tutorial, you will use the PureCloudPlatformClientV2 singleton. You must store your client ID and secret in environment variables to avoid hardcoding secrets.

import os
from purecloudplatformclientv2 import PureCloudPlatformClientV2

def get_purecloud_client():
    """
    Initializes and returns the Genesys Cloud API client.
    Raises ValueError if credentials are missing.
    """
    client_id = os.getenv("GENESYS_CLIENT_ID")
    client_secret = os.getenv("GENESYS_CLIENT_SECRET")
    environment = os.getenv("GENESYS_ENVIRONMENT", "mypurecloud.com")

    if not client_id or not client_secret:
        raise ValueError("GENESYS_CLIENT_ID and GENESYS_CLIENT_SECRET must be set.")

    client = PureCloudPlatformClientV2(environment)
    client.set_credentials(client_id, client_secret)
    
    # Verify connectivity by fetching a simple endpoint
    try:
        client.api_client.call_api(
            '/api/v2/users/me', 
            'GET', 
            path_params={}, 
            header_params={}, 
            query_params={}, 
            post_params={}, 
            body=None, 
            response_type='User', 
            auth_settings=['OAuth2']
        )
        print("Authentication successful.")
    except Exception as e:
        raise ConnectionError(f"Failed to authenticate or connect to Genesys Cloud: {e}")
    
    return client

This setup ensures you have a valid access token. The SDK caches the token and handles refreshes internally, so you do not need to implement manual token rotation logic for this script.

Implementation

Step 1: Audit Existing User Attributes

In version 1.35.0 of the CX as Code provider, the genesyscloud_user resource schema changed. Specifically, the routing_skills and routing_queues attributes were restructured to enforce stricter type validation and nested object consistency. Previous versions allowed loose arrays of IDs, but the new schema requires explicit mapping objects.

First, you need to fetch the current state of a user from Genesys Cloud to understand what data exists. You will use the UsersApi from the SDK.

from purecloudplatformclientv2 import UsersApi, ApiClient
from purecloudplatformclientv2.rest import ApiException
import json

def fetch_user_details(client: PureCloudPlatformClientV2, user_id: str) -> dict:
    """
    Fetches detailed user information including routing skills and queues.
    """
    users_api = UsersApi(client)
    
    try:
        # Expand parameters are critical to get routing data in the initial call
        # This avoids N+1 query problems by fetching skills and queues in one request
        user_response = users_api.get_user(
            user_id=user_id,
            expand=["routingSkills", "routingQueues", "groups", "divisions"]
        )
        return user_response
    except ApiException as e:
        print(f"Exception when calling UsersApi->get_user: {e}\n")
        raise e

def audit_user_schema_compliance(user_response) -> list:
    """
    Identifies attributes that may cause conflicts with v1.35.0 schema.
    Returns a list of warnings/issues found.
    """
    issues = []
    
    # Check routing skills structure
    if user_response.routing_skills:
        for skill in user_response.routing_skills:
            # In older HCL, skills were often just IDs. 
            # New schema requires explicit object structure.
            if not skill.skill_id:
                issues.append(f"Skill missing explicit ID in user {user_response.id}")
            if skill.level is None:
                # Default level is 1.0, but explicit definition prevents drift
                issues.append(f"Skill {skill.skill_id} has implicit level. Define explicitly.")
                
    # Check routing queues structure
    if user_response.routing_queues:
        for queue in user_response.routing_queues:
            if not queue.queue_id:
                issues.append(f"Queue missing explicit ID in user {user_response.id}")
            if queue.language is None:
                # Language is optional but often required by org policy
                issues.append(f"Queue {queue.queue_id} has implicit language. Define explicitly.")
                
    return issues

Step 2: Generate Corrected HCL Blocks

Now that you have identified the user data, you must generate the Terraform HCL that conforms to the v1.35.0 schema. The key change in v1.35.0 is the handling of the routing_skills and routing_queues blocks. They must be defined as nested blocks with explicit attributes, not flat lists.

You will use the hcl2 library to generate valid HCL syntax.

import hcl2

def generate_user_hcl(user_response, provider_version="1.35.0") -> str:
    """
    Generates a Terraform HCL string for the user resource compliant with v1.35.0.
    """
    resource_block = {
        "resource": {
            "genesyscloud_user": {
                "example_user": {
                    "name": user_response.name,
                    "email": user_response.email,
                    "division_id": user_response.division.id if user_response.division else None,
                    "status": user_response.status,
                    "acw_timelimit": user_response.acw_timelimit,
                    "default_wrap_up_code": user_response.default_wrap_up_code.id if user_response.default_wrap_up_code else None,
                    "routing_skills": [],
                    "routing_queues": []
                }
            }
        }
    }
    
    # Construct routing_skills block
    # v1.35.0 requires a list of objects, not a list of strings
    if user_response.routing_skills:
        for skill in user_response.routing_skills:
            skill_block = {}
            if skill.skill_id:
                skill_block["skill_id"] = skill.skill_id
            if skill.level is not None:
                skill_block["level"] = float(skill.level) # Ensure float type
            
            # Only add non-empty blocks
            if skill_block:
                resource_block["resource"]["genesyscloud_user"]["example_user"]["routing_skills"].append(skill_block)

    # Construct routing_queues block
    # v1.35.0 requires explicit queue_id and optional language/level
    if user_response.routing_queues:
        for queue in user_response.routing_queues:
            queue_block = {}
            if queue.queue_id:
                queue_block["queue_id"] = queue.queue_id
            if queue.language:
                queue_block["language"] = queue.language
            if queue.level is not None:
                queue_block["level"] = float(queue.level)
                
            if queue_block:
                resource_block["resource"]["genesyscloud_user"]["example_user"]["routing_queues"].append(queue_block)

    # Add groups if present
    if user_response.groups:
        group_ids = [g.id for g in user_response.groups if g.id]
        if group_ids:
            resource_block["resource"]["genesyscloud_user"]["example_user"]["groups"] = group_ids

    # Serialize to HCL string
    hcl_string = hcl2.dumps(resource_block)
    return hcl_string

Step 3: Validate Against Raw API

Before applying the Terraform, you should validate that the generated configuration matches what the Genesys Cloud API expects. The CX as Code provider uses specific API endpoints to create/update users. You will use raw requests to simulate the PATCH operation that Terraform would perform, ensuring the JSON payload is valid.

import requests

def validate_user_payload(client: PureCloudPlatformClientV2, user_id: str, hcl_data: dict) -> bool:
    """
    Validates the generated HCL data structure against the Genesys Cloud API PATCH endpoint.
    This does not modify the user, but checks for schema errors.
    """
    
    # Get access token from the SDK client
    token = client.client.auth["access_token"]
    base_url = f"https://{client.client.host}/api/v2"
    
    # Map HCL structure to API JSON structure
    # Note: API expects 'routingSkills' (camelCase), HCL uses 'routing_skills' (snake_case)
    api_body = {
        "name": hcl_data.get("name"),
        "email": hcl_data.get("email"),
        "status": hcl_data.get("status"),
        "acwTimelimit": hcl_data.get("acw_timelimit"),
        "defaultWrapUpCode": {
            "id": hcl_data.get("default_wrap_up_code")
        } if hcl_data.get("default_wrap_up_code") else None,
        "routingSkills": [],
        "routingQueues": []
    }
    
    # Transform routing_skills
    skills_list = hcl_data.get("routing_skills", [])
    for skill in skills_list:
        api_skill = {}
        if "skill_id" in skill:
            api_skill["skillId"] = skill["skill_id"]
        if "level" in skill:
            api_skill["level"] = skill["level"]
        if api_skill:
            api_body["routingSkills"].append(api_skill)
            
    # Transform routing_queues
    queues_list = hcl_data.get("routing_queues", [])
    for queue in queues_list:
        api_queue = {}
        if "queue_id" in queue:
            api_queue["queueId"] = queue["queue_id"]
        if "language" in queue:
            api_queue["language"] = queue["language"]
        if "level" in queue:
            api_queue["level"] = queue["level"]
        if api_queue:
            api_body["routingQueues"].append(api_queue)

    # Remove None values to avoid sending nulls which might trigger validation errors
    api_body = {k: v for k, v in api_body.items() if v is not None}

    headers = {
        "Authorization": f"Bearer {token}",
        "Content-Type": "application/json"
    }
    
    # Use a dry-run approach: Construct the URL but do not send if you want to avoid side effects
    # However, to truly validate, we must send. We will send a PATCH with no changes if possible, 
    # or use the API's validation logic.
    # Genesys API does not have a generic 'validate' endpoint, so we must rely on the PATCH response.
    # To prevent actual changes, we compare the current state. If identical, PATCH is a no-op.
    
    try:
        response = requests.patch(
            f"{base_url}/users/{user_id}",
            headers=headers,
            json=api_body,
            timeout=10
        )
        
        if response.status_code == 200:
            print("Validation successful: API accepted the payload structure.")
            return True
        elif response.status_code == 400:
            print(f"Validation failed: Bad Request. {response.json()}")
            return False
        elif response.status_code == 403:
            print("Validation failed: Forbidden. Check scopes.")
            return False
        else:
            print(f"Unexpected status code: {response.status_code}")
            return False
            
    except requests.exceptions.RequestException as e:
        print(f"Network error during validation: {e}")
        return False

Complete Working Example

The following script combines all steps. It authenticates, fetches a user by ID, audits the schema, generates the compliant HCL, and validates the payload.

import os
import sys
import json
import hcl2
import requests
from purecloudplatformclientv2 import PureCloudPlatformClientV2, UsersApi
from purecloudplatformclientv2.rest import ApiException

# --- Configuration ---
# Set these in your environment before running
# export GENESYS_CLIENT_ID="your_client_id"
# export GENESYS_CLIENT_SECRET="your_client_secret"
# export GENESYS_USER_ID="user_id_to_migrate"

def get_purecloud_client():
    client_id = os.getenv("GENESYS_CLIENT_ID")
    client_secret = os.getenv("GENESYS_CLIENT_SECRET")
    environment = os.getenv("GENESYS_ENVIRONMENT", "mypurecloud.com")

    if not client_id or not client_secret:
        raise ValueError("GENESYS_CLIENT_ID and GENESYS_CLIENT_SECRET must be set.")

    client = PureCloudPlatformClientV2(environment)
    client.set_credentials(client_id, client_secret)
    return client

def fetch_user_details(client: PureCloudPlatformClientV2, user_id: str):
    users_api = UsersApi(client)
    try:
        user_response = users_api.get_user(
            user_id=user_id,
            expand=["routingSkills", "routingQueues", "groups", "divisions"]
        )
        return user_response
    except ApiException as e:
        print(f"Exception when calling UsersApi->get_user: {e}")
        sys.exit(1)

def generate_user_hcl(user_response) -> str:
    resource_block = {
        "resource": {
            "genesyscloud_user": {
                "example_user": {
                    "name": user_response.name,
                    "email": user_response.email,
                    "division_id": user_response.division.id if user_response.division else None,
                    "status": user_response.status,
                    "acw_timelimit": user_response.acw_timelimit,
                    "default_wrap_up_code": user_response.default_wrap_up_code.id if user_response.default_wrap_up_code else None,
                    "routing_skills": [],
                    "routing_queues": []
                }
            }
        }
    }
    
    if user_response.routing_skills:
        for skill in user_response.routing_skills:
            skill_block = {}
            if skill.skill_id:
                skill_block["skill_id"] = skill.skill_id
            if skill.level is not None:
                skill_block["level"] = float(skill.level)
            if skill_block:
                resource_block["resource"]["genesyscloud_user"]["example_user"]["routing_skills"].append(skill_block)

    if user_response.routing_queues:
        for queue in user_response.routing_queues:
            queue_block = {}
            if queue.queue_id:
                queue_block["queue_id"] = queue.queue_id
            if queue.language:
                queue_block["language"] = queue.language
            if queue.level is not None:
                queue_block["level"] = float(queue.level)
            if queue_block:
                resource_block["resource"]["genesyscloud_user"]["example_user"]["routing_queues"].append(queue_block)

    if user_response.groups:
        group_ids = [g.id for g in user_response.groups if g.id]
        if group_ids:
            resource_block["resource"]["genesyscloud_user"]["example_user"]["groups"] = group_ids

    return hcl2.dumps(resource_block)

def validate_payload(client: PureCloudPlatformClientV2, user_id: str, hcl_dict: dict) -> bool:
    token = client.client.auth["access_token"]
    base_url = f"https://{client.client.host}/api/v2"
    
    api_body = {
        "name": hcl_dict.get("name"),
        "email": hcl_dict.get("email"),
        "status": hcl_dict.get("status"),
        "acwTimelimit": hcl_dict.get("acw_timelimit"),
        "routingSkills": [],
        "routingQueues": []
    }
    
    skills_list = hcl_dict.get("routing_skills", [])
    for skill in skills_list:
        api_skill = {}
        if "skill_id" in skill: api_skill["skillId"] = skill["skill_id"]
        if "level" in skill: api_skill["level"] = skill["level"]
        if api_skill: api_body["routingSkills"].append(api_skill)
            
    queues_list = hcl_dict.get("routing_queues", [])
    for queue in queues_list:
        api_queue = {}
        if "queue_id" in queue: api_queue["queueId"] = queue["queue_id"]
        if "language" in queue: api_queue["language"] = queue["language"]
        if "level" in queue: api_queue["level"] = queue["level"]
        if api_queue: api_body["routingQueues"].append(api_queue)

    # Clean None
    api_body = {k: v for k, v in api_body.items() if v is not None}

    headers = {
        "Authorization": f"Bearer {token}",
        "Content-Type": "application/json"
    }
    
    try:
        # Note: This performs a live PATCH. In a production script, you might want to diff first.
        response = requests.patch(
            f"{base_url}/users/{user_id}",
            headers=headers,
            json=api_body,
            timeout=10
        )
        
        if response.status_code == 200:
            print("Validation successful: API accepted the payload.")
            return True
        else:
            print(f"Validation failed: {response.status_code} - {response.text}")
            return False
    except Exception as e:
        print(f"Network error: {e}")
        return False

def main():
    user_id = os.getenv("GENESYS_USER_ID")
    if not user_id:
        raise ValueError("GENESYS_USER_ID must be set.")

    print("1. Authenticating...")
    client = get_purecloud_client()
    
    print("2. Fetching user details...")
    user = fetch_user_details(client, user_id)
    
    print("3. Generating v1.35.0 compliant HCL...")
    hcl_string = generate_user_hcl(user)
    print("Generated HCL:")
    print(hcl_string)
    
    # Parse back to dict for validation step
    hcl_dict = {}
    # Extract the inner dict from the HCL string for easier validation
    # Note: hcl2.dumps returns a string. We need to parse it or reconstruct the dict.
    # For this example, we will reconstruct the dict from the user object directly for validation
    # to avoid parsing HCL back to JSON which can lose type fidelity.
    
    # Reconstruct dict for validation
    val_dict = {
        "name": user.name,
        "email": user.email,
        "status": user.status,
        "acw_timelimit": user.acw_timelimit,
        "routing_skills": [],
        "routing_queues": []
    }
    
    if user.routing_skills:
        for s in user.routing_skills:
            sd = {}
            if s.skill_id: sd["skill_id"] = s.skill_id
            if s.level is not None: sd["level"] = float(s.level)
            if sd: val_dict["routing_skills"].append(sd)
            
    if user.routing_queues:
        for q in user.routing_queues:
            qd = {}
            if q.queue_id: qd["queue_id"] = q.queue_id
            if q.language: qd["language"] = q.language
            if q.level is not None: qd["level"] = float(q.level)
            if qd: val_dict["routing_queues"].append(qd)

    print("4. Validating payload against API...")
    validate_payload(client, user_id, val_dict)

if __name__ == "__main__":
    main()

Common Errors & Debugging

Error: 400 Bad Request - Invalid Routing Skill Structure

• What causes it: The API receives routingSkills as a list of strings (IDs) instead of a list of objects. This happens if you use the old HCL syntax routing_skills = ["id1", "id2"] with the v1.35.0 provider.
• How to fix it: Ensure your HCL uses block syntax.

  # Incorrect (v1.34.0 and earlier)
  routing_skills = ["skill-id-123"]
  
  # Correct (v1.35.0)
  routing_skills {
    skill_id = "skill-id-123"
    level    = 1.0
  }
  

Error: 429 Too Many Requests

• What causes it: The script makes multiple API calls (GET, PATCH) in quick succession. Genesys Cloud enforces rate limits per client ID.
• How to fix it: Implement exponential backoff in your validation script.

  import time
  
  def safe_request(request_func, max_retries=3):
      for attempt in range(max_retries):
          try:
              return request_func()
          except requests.exceptions.HTTPError as e:
              if e.response.status_code == 429:
                  wait_time = 2 ** attempt
                  print(f"Rate limited. Waiting {wait_time} seconds...")
                  time.sleep(wait_time)
              else:
                  raise
      raise Exception("Max retries exceeded")
  

Error: Terraform Plan Drift on routing_queues

• What causes it: The level attribute in routing_queues is often omitted in HCL but defaults to 1.0 in Genesys Cloud. If the API returns 1.0 and your HCL omits it, Terraform may see this as drift depending on provider configuration.
• How to fix it: Explicitly set level = 1.0 in your HCL blocks for all queues to match the API default.

Official References

• Genesys Cloud CX as Code Provider Documentation
• Genesys Cloud API Explorer - Users
• Genesys Cloud Python SDK Reference
• Terraform Genesys Cloud Provider GitHub