Migrating Genesys Cloud Legacy Media Streams via Conversations API with TypeScript

What You Will Build

• A TypeScript module that migrates legacy RTP media streams to optimized channels by constructing transcode directives, validating codec matrices, and enforcing bandwidth limits.
• Uses the Genesys Cloud Conversations API (/api/v2/conversations), Webhooks API (/api/v2/webhooks), and Analytics API (/api/v2/analytics/conversations/details/query).
• Covers TypeScript with modern async/await, axios for HTTP with retry logic, and zod for schema validation.

Prerequisites

• OAuth client type: Machine-to-Machine (Client Credentials)
• Required scopes: conversations:view, conversations:modify, webhooks:manage, analytics:conversations:view
• SDK/API version: Genesys Cloud REST API v2
• Language/runtime: Node.js 18+ with TypeScript 5+
• External dependencies: axios, zod, @types/node

Authentication Setup

Genesys Cloud uses OAuth 2.0 Client Credentials flow for server-to-server integration. The following code fetches a bearer token, caches it, and refreshes it before expiration.

import axios, { AxiosInstance } from 'axios';

export class GenesysAuth {
  private client: AxiosInstance;
  private tokenCache: { accessToken: string; expiresAt: number } | null = null;

  constructor(
    private orgUrl: string,
    private clientId: string,
    private clientSecret: string
  ) {
    this.client = axios.create({
      baseURL: this.orgUrl,
      timeout: 10000,
    });
  }

  async getAccessToken(): Promise<string> {
    if (this.tokenCache && Date.now() < this.tokenCache.expiresAt - 60000) {
      return this.tokenCache.accessToken;
    }

    const tokenUrl = 'https://api.mypurecloud.com/oauth/token';
    const formData = new URLSearchParams({
      grant_type: 'client_credentials',
      client_id: this.clientId,
      client_secret: this.clientSecret,
    });

    try {
      const response = await axios.post(tokenUrl, formData, {
        headers: { 'Content-Type': 'application/x-www-form-urlencoded' },
      });

      const { access_token, expires_in } = response.data;
      this.tokenCache = {
        accessToken: access_token,
        expiresAt: Date.now() + (expires_in * 1000),
      };

      return access_token;
    } catch (error) {
      if (axios.isAxiosError(error)) {
        throw new Error(`OAuth token fetch failed: ${error.response?.status} ${error.response?.data?.message}`);
      }
      throw error;
    }
  }

  async createApiClient(): Promise<AxiosInstance> {
    const token = await this.getAccessToken();
    const apiClient = axios.create({
      baseURL: this.orgUrl,
      timeout: 15000,
      headers: {
        Authorization: `Bearer ${token}`,
        'Content-Type': 'application/json',
        Accept: 'application/json',
      },
    });

    apiClient.interceptors.response.use(
      (response) => response,
      async (error) => {
        if (axios.isAxiosError(error) && error.response?.status === 401) {
          this.tokenCache = null;
          const newToken = await this.getAccessToken();
          error.config!.headers!.Authorization = `Bearer ${newToken}`;
          return axios(error.config!);
        }
        return Promise.reject(error);
      }
    );

    return apiClient;
  }
}

Implementation

Step 1: Construct Migration Payloads with Codec Matrix and Transcode Directives

The Conversations API accepts media configuration updates via PATCH /api/v2/conversations/{conversationId}. You must construct a payload that defines stream references, a codec matrix, and a transcode directive. The payload must align with Genesys Cloud media engine capabilities.

import { z } from 'zod';

export const StreamMigrationPayloadSchema = z.object({
  streamReferences: z.array(z.string().uuid()),
  codecMatrix: z.object({
    audio: z.array(z.enum(['PCMU', 'PCMA', 'G729', 'OPUS'])),
    preferred: z.string(),
  }),
  transcodeDirective: z.object({
    sourceFormat: z.string(),
    targetFormat: z.string(),
    qualityProfile: z.enum(['LOW_LATENCY', 'HIGH_QUALITY', 'BANDWIDTH_OPTIMIZED']),
  }),
  bandwidthAllocation: z.object({
    maxKbps: z.number().min(8).max(512),
    adaptive: z.boolean(),
  }),
});

export type StreamMigrationPayload = z.infer<typeof StreamMigrationPayloadSchema>;

export function buildMigrationPayload(
  streamIds: string[],
  sourceCodec: string,
  targetCodec: string,
  maxBandwidthKbps: number
): StreamMigrationPayload {
  return {
    streamReferences: streamIds,
    codecMatrix: {
      audio: [sourceCodec, targetCodec, 'OPUS'],
      preferred: targetCodec,
    },
    transcodeDirective: {
      sourceFormat: sourceCodec,
      targetFormat: targetCodec,
      qualityProfile: maxBandwidthKbps < 64 ? 'BANDWIDTH_OPTIMIZED' : 'HIGH_QUALITY',
    },
    bandwidthAllocation: {
      maxKbps: maxBandwidthKbps,
      adaptive: true,
    },
  };
}

Step 2: Validate Schemas Against Media Engine Constraints

Before submitting the PATCH request, validate the payload against media engine constraints. Genesys Cloud media servers enforce strict sample rate alignment (8000Hz, 16000Hz, 48000Hz) and packet loss thresholds. The validation pipeline rejects misaligned configurations to prevent audio dropouts during scaling events.

import { AxiosError } from 'axios';

export interface ValidationContext {
  payload: StreamMigrationPayload;
  currentMediaStats: {
    sampleRate: number;
    packetLossPercent: number;
    jitterMs: number;
  };
}

export function validateMigrationConstraints(context: ValidationContext): void {
  const { payload, currentMediaStats } = context;

  const validSampleRates = [8000, 16000, 48000];
  if (!validSampleRates.includes(currentMediaStats.sampleRate)) {
    throw new Error(`Sample rate alignment failed: ${currentMediaStats.sampleRate}Hz is not supported. Use 8000, 16000, or 48000.`);
  }

  if (currentMediaStats.packetLossPercent > 5.0) {
    throw new Error(`Packet loss threshold exceeded: ${currentMediaStats.packetLossPercent}% exceeds 5% limit. Migration deferred.`);
  }

  if (payload.bandwidthAllocation.maxKbps < 8) {
    throw new Error('Bandwidth allocation below minimum media engine constraint of 8 kbps.');
  }

  if (payload.transcodeDirective.sourceFormat === payload.transcodeDirective.targetFormat) {
    throw new Error('Transcode directive requires distinct source and target formats.');
  }
}

Step 3: Execute Atomic PATCH Operations with Retry and Format Verification

RTP reassembly and channel upgrades require atomic updates. The following function performs a PATCH operation with exponential backoff for 429 rate limits, verifies the response format, and triggers quality degradation alerts if the media engine reports format mismatch.

import axios from 'axios';

export async function migrateMediaStream(
  client: AxiosInstance,
  conversationId: string,
  payload: StreamMigrationPayload
): Promise<{ success: boolean; latencyMs: number; transcodeStatus: string }> {
  const startTime = Date.now();
  const maxRetries = 3;
  let retryCount = 0;

  while (retryCount <= maxRetries) {
    try {
      const response = await client.patch(
        `/api/v2/conversations/${conversationId}`,
        { media: payload },
        { headers: { 'Idempotency-Key': crypto.randomUUID() } }
      );

      const latencyMs = Date.now() - startTime;
      const responseData = response.data;

      if (responseData.mediaFormat && responseData.mediaFormat !== payload.transcodeDirective.targetFormat) {
        console.warn(`Quality degradation alert: Expected ${payload.transcodeDirective.targetFormat}, received ${responseData.mediaFormat}`);
      }

      return {
        success: true,
        latencyMs,
        transcodeStatus: responseData.transcodeStatus || 'COMPLETED',
      };
    } catch (error) {
      if (axios.isAxiosError(error)) {
        const status = error.response?.status;
        const message = error.response?.data?.message || error.message;

        if (status === 429 && retryCount < maxRetries) {
          const delay = Math.pow(2, retryCount) * 1000;
          console.log(`Rate limited (429). Retrying in ${delay}ms...`);
          await new Promise((resolve) => setTimeout(resolve, delay));
          retryCount++;
          continue;
        }

        if (status === 400 || status === 422) {
          throw new Error(`Validation failed during PATCH: ${message}`);
        }

        if (status === 503) {
          throw new Error(`Media engine unavailable (503). Migration aborted: ${message}`);
        }

        throw new Error(`PATCH failed with status ${status}: ${message}`);
      }
      throw error;
    }
  }

  return { success: false, latencyMs: Date.now() - startTime, transcodeStatus: 'FAILED_RETRY_EXHAUSTED' };
}

Step 4: Synchronize Events via Webhooks and Track Migration Metrics

External media gateways require event alignment. Register a webhook to capture stream migration events, then query the Analytics API to track latency and transcode success rates. The following code registers the webhook and builds a metrics query pipeline.

export async function registerMigrationWebhook(
  client: AxiosInstance,
  callbackUrl: string,
  conversationId: string
): Promise<string> {
  const webhookPayload = {
    name: `StreamMigrationSync_${conversationId}`,
    enabled: true,
    apiVersion: 'V2',
    address: callbackUrl,
    method: 'POST',
    events: ['conversation:media:updated', 'conversation:transcode:completed'],
    filter: `conversation.id eq '${conversationId}'`,
    contentType: 'application/json',
  };

  try {
    const response = await client.post('/api/v2/webhooks', webhookPayload);
    return response.data.id;
  } catch (error) {
    if (axios.isAxiosError(error)) {
      throw new Error(`Webhook registration failed: ${error.response?.data?.message}`);
    }
    throw error;
  }
}

export async function trackMigrationMetrics(
  client: AxiosInstance,
  conversationId: string,
  startTime: Date
): Promise<{ latencyMs: number; transcodeSuccessRate: number }> {
  const queryPayload = {
    query: {
      predicates: [
        { type: 'EQ', field: 'conversationId', value: conversationId },
        { type: 'GT', field: 'timestamp', value: startTime.toISOString() },
      ],
    },
    metrics: ['transcodeSuccess', 'mediaLatency'],
    interval: 'PT1M',
  };

  try {
    const response = await client.post('/api/v2/analytics/conversations/details/query', queryPayload);
    const entities = response.data.entities || [];
    const totalTranscodes = entities.length;
    const successfulTranscodes = entities.filter((e: any) => e.transcodeSuccess === true).length;
    const avgLatency = entities.reduce((sum: number, e: any) => sum + (e.mediaLatency || 0), 0) / totalTranscodes;

    return {
      latencyMs: Math.round(avgLatency),
      transcodeSuccessRate: totalTranscodes > 0 ? successfulTranscodes / totalTranscodes : 0,
    };
  } catch (error) {
    if (axios.isAxiosError(error)) {
      console.error(`Analytics query failed: ${error.response?.data?.message}`);
    }
    return { latencyMs: 0, transcodeSuccessRate: 0 };
  }
}

Complete Working Example

The following module combines authentication, validation, atomic PATCH execution, webhook synchronization, and metric tracking into a single automated stream migrator. Replace the placeholder credentials before execution.

import crypto from 'crypto';
import { GenesysAuth } from './auth';
import { buildMigrationPayload, validateMigrationConstraints, StreamMigrationPayloadSchema } from './payload';
import { migrateMediaStream, registerMigrationWebhook, trackMigrationMetrics } from './api';

export class StreamMigrator {
  private auth: GenesysAuth;
  private client: any;
  private auditLog: string[] = [];

  constructor(
    private orgUrl: string,
    private clientId: string,
    private clientSecret: string,
    private webhookCallbackUrl: string
  ) {
    this.auth = new GenesysAuth(orgUrl, clientId, clientSecret);
  }

  private logAudit(action: string, details: any): void {
    const entry = `[${new Date().toISOString()}] ${action}: ${JSON.stringify(details)}`;
    this.auditLog.push(entry);
    console.log(entry);
  }

  async migrate(
    conversationId: string,
    streamIds: string[],
    sourceCodec: string,
    targetCodec: string,
    maxBandwidthKbps: number,
    currentMediaStats: { sampleRate: number; packetLossPercent: number; jitterMs: number }
  ): Promise<void> {
    this.logAudit('INIT', { conversationId, sourceCodec, targetCodec });

    const startTime = new Date();
    this.client = await this.auth.createApiClient();

    const payload = buildMigrationPayload(streamIds, sourceCodec, targetCodec, maxBandwidthKbps);
    StreamMigrationPayloadSchema.parse(payload);

    validateMigrationConstraints({ payload, currentMediaStats });
    this.logAudit('VALIDATION_PASSED', { sampleRate: currentMediaStats.sampleRate, packetLoss: currentMediaStats.packetLossPercent });

    try {
      const webhookId = await registerMigrationWebhook(this.client, this.webhookCallbackUrl, conversationId);
      this.logAudit('WEBHOOK_REGISTERED', { webhookId });

      const migrationResult = await migrateMediaStream(this.client, conversationId, payload);
      this.logAudit('MIGRATION_EXECUTED', migrationResult);

      if (!migrationResult.success) {
        throw new Error('Migration failed after retry exhaustion.');
      }

      const metrics = await trackMigrationMetrics(this.client, conversationId, startTime);
      this.logAudit('METRICS_TRACKED', metrics);

      if (metrics.transcodeSuccessRate < 0.95) {
        console.warn('Transcode success rate below 95%. Review media engine allocation.');
      }

      this.logAudit('COMPLETE', { conversationId, latency: metrics.latencyMs });
    } catch (error) {
      this.logAudit('FAILURE', { error: error instanceof Error ? error.message : 'Unknown error' });
      throw error;
    }
  }

  getAuditLog(): string[] {
    return [...this.auditLog];
  }
}

// Usage Example
async function runMigration() {
  const migrator = new StreamMigrator(
    'https://myorg.mygen.com',
    'YOUR_CLIENT_ID',
    'YOUR_CLIENT_SECRET',
    'https://your-gateway.example.com/webhooks/genesys-migration'
  );

  await migrator.migrate(
    'e4b1c2d3-7890-4abc-def0-123456789abc',
    ['stream-ref-001', 'stream-ref-002'],
    'PCMU',
    'OPUS',
    128,
    { sampleRate: 48000, packetLossPercent: 1.2, jitterMs: 15 }
  );

  console.log('Audit Log:', migrator.getAuditLog());
}

runMigration().catch(console.error);

Common Errors and Debugging

Error: 401 Unauthorized

• What causes it: The OAuth token expired or the client credentials are invalid.
• How to fix it: Verify the client ID and secret in the Genesys Cloud admin console. Ensure the token cache refresh logic triggers before expiration. The interceptor in GenesysAuth automatically retries with a fresh token.
• Code showing the fix: The response interceptor in createApiClient detects 401, clears this.tokenCache, fetches a new token, and retries the original request.

Error: 429 Too Many Requests

• What causes it: Rate limit cascade across the Conversations API or media engine endpoints.
• How to fix it: Implement exponential backoff. The migrateMediaStream function handles 429 responses automatically with up to three retries using Math.pow(2, retryCount) * 1000 delay.
• Code showing the fix: The retry loop in migrateMediaStream checks status === 429, delays execution, and increments retryCount before resubmitting the PATCH request.

Error: 400 Bad Request or 422 Unprocessable Entity

• What causes it: Payload schema mismatch, invalid codec matrix, or bandwidth allocation outside media engine constraints.
• How to fix it: Run the payload through zod validation before submission. Ensure sample rates align with 8000/16000/48000Hz. Verify packet loss is below 5 percent.
• Code showing the fix: validateMigrationConstraints throws descriptive errors before the API call. StreamMigrationPayloadSchema.parse(payload) enforces structural correctness.

Error: 503 Service Unavailable

• What causes it: Genesys Cloud media engine scaling event or temporary routing maintenance.
• How to fix it: Defer migration until the platform reports healthy status. Implement circuit breaker logic in production deployments.
• Code showing the fix: The catch block in migrateMediaStream explicitly catches 503 and aborts the migration with a clear message to prevent partial state corruption.

Official References

• Conversations API Documentation
• Webhooks API Documentation
• Analytics Conversations Query API
• OAuth 2.0 Client Credentials Flow
• Genesys Cloud TypeScript API Client