List All OAuth Clients and Validate Scope Assignments Programmatically

What You Will Build

• A script that retrieves every OAuth client in a Genesys Cloud organization and compares their assigned scopes against a required baseline.
• This tutorial uses the Genesys Cloud V2 API (/api/v2/oauth/clients) and the official Python SDK.
• The implementation is written in Python 3.9+ using httpx for robust HTTP handling and the genesyscloud SDK for resource mapping.

Prerequisites

• OAuth Client Type: Service Account or Client Credentials Flow.
• Required Scopes: oauth:client:read (mandatory for listing clients).
• SDK Version: genesys-cloud-sdk >= 140.0.0.
• Runtime: Python 3.9 or higher.
• Dependencies: pip install genesys-cloud-sdk httpx python-dotenv

Authentication Setup

Genesys Cloud APIs require a valid JWT bearer token. For programmatic access, the Client Credentials flow is the standard. You must configure a Service Account with the oauth:client:read scope enabled in the Admin console before running this code.

The following code demonstrates how to configure the SDK with environment variables. This approach avoids hardcoding secrets and supports token caching internally via the SDK.

import os
from dotenv import load_dotenv
from purecloud_platform_client import Configuration, ApiClient

# Load environment variables from .env file
load_dotenv()

def get_purecloud_api_client() -> ApiClient:
    """
    Initializes and returns a configured PureCloud API Client.
    Raises EnvironmentError if required credentials are missing.
    """
    client_id = os.getenv("GENESYS_CLIENT_ID")
    client_secret = os.getenv("GENESYS_CLIENT_SECRET")
    environment = os.getenv("GENESYS_ENVIRONMENT", "mypurecloud.com")

    if not client_id or not client_secret:
        raise EnvironmentError("GENESYS_CLIENT_ID and GENESYS_CLIENT_SECRET must be set.")

    configuration = Configuration(
        client_id=client_id,
        client_secret=client_secret,
        host=f"https://api.{environment}"
    )

    # The SDK handles token acquisition and refresh automatically
    api_client = ApiClient(configuration=configuration)
    return api_client

Implementation

Step 1: Retrieve All OAuth Clients

The /api/v2/oauth/clients endpoint returns a paginated list of OAuth clients. The response object is a OAuthClientEntityListing. It contains a entities array with the client details and a next_page token for pagination.

You must handle pagination explicitly because an organization may have hundreds of clients, exceeding the default page size (usually 25 or 100).

from purecloud_platform_client import OauthApi, OAuthClientEntityListing
from typing import List, Generator
import httpx
import logging

logging.basicConfig(level=logging.INFO)
logger = logging.getLogger(__name__)

class OAuthClientAuditor:
    def __init__(self, api_client: ApiClient):
        self.oauth_api = OauthApi(api_client)
        # Use httpx for direct HTTP calls if needed, but SDK is preferred for typing
        self.http_client = httpx.Client()

    def fetch_all_clients(self) -> Generator[dict, None, None]:
        """
        Fetches all OAuth clients using pagination.
        Yields individual client dictionaries.
        """
        next_page_token = None
        page_size = 100

        while True:
            try:
                # SDK call: GET /api/v2/oauth/clients
                response: OAuthClientEntityListing = self.oauth_api.post_oauth_clients(
                    body={
                        "page_size": page_size,
                        "next_page_id": next_page_token
                    }
                )

                entities = response.entities
                if not entities:
                    break

                for client in entities:
                    # Yield a simplified dict for easier processing
                    yield {
                        "id": client.id,
                        "name": client.name,
                        "description": client.description,
                        "scopes": client.scopes if client.scopes else [],
                        "client_type": client.client_type,
                        "status": client.status
                    }

                # Check for pagination
                if not response.next_page_id:
                    break
                next_page_token = response.next_page_id

            except Exception as e:
                logger.error(f"Error fetching clients: {e}")
                raise

    def close(self):
        self.oauth_api.api_client.close()
        self.http_client.close()

Step 2: Define Scope Requirements and Validation Logic

Scopes in Genesys Cloud are hierarchical. For example, user:read is a base scope, but user:write implies read permissions in some contexts, though the API usually lists explicit scopes. To validate assignments, you must define a baseline of required scopes for specific client types (e.g., Web Chat vs. IVR).

The validation logic checks if the client’s assigned scopes include all required scopes. It also flags clients with excessive privileges (e.g., admin:read on a public-facing web widget).

from typing import List, Dict, Any

class ScopeValidator:
    def __init__(self, rules: Dict[str, List[str]]):
        """
        rules: Dictionary mapping client_type or name patterns to required scopes.
        Example:
        {
            "webchat": ["analytics:report:read", "conversation:write"],
            "admin": ["admin:read"]
        }
        """
        self.rules = rules

    def validate_client(self, client_data: Dict[str, Any]) -> Dict[str, Any]:
        """
        Validates a single client against defined rules.
        Returns a validation result with pass/fail status and details.
        """
        client_name = client_data.get("name", "")
        client_scopes = set(client_data.get("scopes", []))
        
        results = {
            "client_id": client_data["id"],
            "client_name": client_name,
            "passed": True,
            "missing_scopes": [],
            "unexpected_scopes": [],
            "warnings": []
        }

        # Determine which rule set applies
        # Simple heuristic: check if any rule key is in the client name (case-insensitive)
        applicable_rules = []
        for rule_key, required_scopes in self.rules.items():
            if rule_key.lower() in client_name.lower():
                applicable_rules.append((rule_key, required_scopes))

        if not applicable_rules:
            results["warnings"].append("No matching rule found for client name.")
            return results

        # Check missing scopes
        for rule_name, required_scopes in applicable_rules:
            for scope in required_scopes:
                if scope not in client_scopes:
                    results["missing_scopes"].append(scope)
                    results["passed"] = False

        # Check for dangerous/excessive scopes (example: admin access on non-admin clients)
        dangerous_scopes = ["admin:read", "admin:write", "oauth:client:write"]
        # If the client name does not contain "admin" or "service", flag dangerous scopes
        if "admin" not in client_name.lower() and "service" not in client_name.lower():
            for scope in client_scopes:
                if scope in dangerous_scopes:
                    results["unexpected_scopes"].append(scope)
                    results["warnings"].append(f"Client has potentially excessive scope: {scope}")

        return results

Step 3: Process Results and Generate Report

The final step iterates through all clients, validates them, and aggregates the results. This allows you to export a CSV or JSON report for security audits.

import json
import csv
from datetime import datetime

def generate_audit_report(auditor: OAuthClientAuditor, validator: ScopeValidator) -> List[Dict]:
    """
    Runs the full audit and returns a list of validation results.
    """
    validation_results = []
    
    try:
        for client_data in auditor.fetch_all_clients():
            result = validator.validate_client(client_data)
            validation_results.append(result)
    finally:
        auditor.close()

    return validation_results

def export_to_json(results: List[Dict], filename: str = "oauth_audit.json"):
    with open(filename, "w") as f:
        json.dump(results, f, indent=2)
    logger.info(f"Report exported to {filename}")

def export_to_csv(results: List[Dict], filename: str = "oauth_audit.csv"):
    if not results:
        return
    
    # Flatten the nested lists for CSV
    flat_results = []
    for r in results:
        flat_r = {
            "client_id": r["client_id"],
            "client_name": r["client_name"],
            "passed": r["passed"],
            "missing_scopes": "; ".join(r["missing_scopes"]),
            "unexpected_scopes": "; ".join(r["unexpected_scopes"]),
            "warnings": "; ".join(r["warnings"])
        }
        flat_results.append(flat_r)

    keys = flat_results[0].keys()
    with open(filename, "w", newline="") as f:
        writer = csv.DictWriter(f, fieldnames=keys)
        writer.writeheader()
        writer.writerows(flat_results)
    
    logger.info(f"Report exported to {filename}")

Complete Working Example

This script combines all components into a single runnable module. It loads configuration from environment variables, defines validation rules, executes the audit, and exports the results.

import os
import sys
from dotenv import load_dotenv
from purecloud_platform_client import Configuration, ApiClient, OauthApi, OAuthClientEntityListing
from typing import List, Dict, Any, Generator
import logging
import json
import csv

# Configure logging
logging.basicConfig(
    level=logging.INFO,
    format="%(asctime)s - %(name)s - %(levelname)s - %(message)s"
)
logger = logging.getLogger(__name__)

class OAuthClientAuditor:
    def __init__(self, api_client: ApiClient):
        self.oauth_api = OauthApi(api_client)

    def fetch_all_clients(self) -> Generator[dict, None, None]:
        next_page_token = None
        page_size = 100

        while True:
            try:
                response: OAuthClientEntityListing = self.oauth_api.post_oauth_clients(
                    body={
                        "page_size": page_size,
                        "next_page_id": next_page_token
                    }
                )

                entities = response.entities
                if not entities:
                    break

                for client in entities:
                    yield {
                        "id": client.id,
                        "name": client.name,
                        "description": client.description,
                        "scopes": client.scopes if client.scopes else [],
                        "client_type": client.client_type,
                        "status": client.status
                    }

                if not response.next_page_id:
                    break
                next_page_token = response.next_page_id

            except Exception as e:
                logger.error(f"Error fetching clients: {e}")
                raise

    def close(self):
        self.oauth_api.api_client.close()

class ScopeValidator:
    def __init__(self, rules: Dict[str, List[str]]):
        self.rules = rules

    def validate_client(self, client_data: Dict[str, Any]) -> Dict[str, Any]:
        client_name = client_data.get("name", "")
        client_scopes = set(client_data.get("scopes", []))
        
        results = {
            "client_id": client_data["id"],
            "client_name": client_name,
            "passed": True,
            "missing_scopes": [],
            "unexpected_scopes": [],
            "warnings": []
        }

        applicable_rules = []
        for rule_key, required_scopes in self.rules.items():
            if rule_key.lower() in client_name.lower():
                applicable_rules.append((rule_key, required_scopes))

        if not applicable_rules:
            results["warnings"].append("No matching rule found.")
            return results

        for rule_name, required_scopes in applicable_rules:
            for scope in required_scopes:
                if scope not in client_scopes:
                    results["missing_scopes"].append(scope)
                    results["passed"] = False

        dangerous_scopes = ["admin:read", "admin:write", "oauth:client:write"]
        if "admin" not in client_name.lower() and "service" not in client_name.lower():
            for scope in client_scopes:
                if scope in dangerous_scopes:
                    results["unexpected_scopes"].append(scope)
                    results["warnings"].append(f"Excessive scope: {scope}")

        return results

def get_purecloud_api_client() -> ApiClient:
    load_dotenv()
    client_id = os.getenv("GENESYS_CLIENT_ID")
    client_secret = os.getenv("GENESYS_CLIENT_SECRET")
    environment = os.getenv("GENESYS_ENVIRONMENT", "mypurecloud.com")

    if not client_id or not client_secret:
        raise EnvironmentError("GENESYS_CLIENT_ID and GENESYS_CLIENT_SECRET must be set.")

    configuration = Configuration(
        client_id=client_id,
        client_secret=client_secret,
        host=f"https://api.{environment}"
    )
    return ApiClient(configuration=configuration)

def main():
    # 1. Define Validation Rules
    # Adjust these based on your organization's security policy
    validation_rules = {
        "webchat": ["analytics:report:read", "conversation:write", "user:read"],
        "ivr": ["analytics:report:read", "conversation:write"],
        "admin": ["admin:read", "oauth:client:read"]
    }

    # 2. Initialize Components
    try:
        api_client = get_purecloud_api_client()
        auditor = OAuthClientAuditor(api_client)
        validator = ScopeValidator(validation_rules)
    except Exception as e:
        logger.error(f"Initialization failed: {e}")
        sys.exit(1)

    # 3. Execute Audit
    logger.info("Starting OAuth client audit...")
    try:
        results = []
        for client_data in auditor.fetch_all_clients():
            result = validator.validate_client(client_data)
            results.append(result)
    except Exception as e:
        logger.error(f"Audit failed: {e}")
        sys.exit(1)
    finally:
        auditor.close()

    # 4. Export Results
    logger.info(f"Audit complete. Processed {len(results)} clients.")
    
    # Filter for failures for quick review
    failures = [r for r in results if not r["passed"]]
    if failures:
        logger.warning(f"Found {len(failures)} clients with missing scopes.")
        for f in failures:
            logger.warning(f"  - {f['client_name']} missing: {f['missing_scopes']}")

    export_to_json(results)
    export_to_csv(results)

def export_to_json(results: List[Dict], filename: str = "oauth_audit.json"):
    with open(filename, "w") as f:
        json.dump(results, f, indent=2)
    logger.info(f"JSON report saved to {filename}")

def export_to_csv(results: List[Dict], filename: str = "oauth_audit.csv"):
    if not results:
        return
    flat_results = []
    for r in results:
        flat_r = {
            "client_id": r["client_id"],
            "client_name": r["client_name"],
            "passed": r["passed"],
            "missing_scopes": "; ".join(r["missing_scopes"]),
            "unexpected_scopes": "; ".join(r["unexpected_scopes"]),
            "warnings": "; ".join(r["warnings"])
        }
        flat_results.append(flat_r)

    keys = flat_results[0].keys()
    with open(filename, "w", newline="") as f:
        writer = csv.DictWriter(f, fieldnames=keys)
        writer.writeheader()
        writer.writerows(flat_results)
    logger.info(f"CSV report saved to {filename}")

if __name__ == "__main__":
    main()

Common Errors & Debugging

Error: 401 Unauthorized

• Cause: The GENESYS_CLIENT_ID or GENESYS_CLIENT_SECRET is incorrect, expired, or the Service Account is disabled.
• Fix: Verify the credentials in the Genesys Cloud Admin console under Organization > Security > OAuth Clients. Ensure the client status is “Enabled”.

Error: 403 Forbidden

• Cause: The Service Account lacks the oauth:client:read scope.
• Fix: Edit the OAuth client in the Admin console. Under the Scopes tab, search for oauth:client:read and add it. Save the changes. Note that scope changes may take up to 15 minutes to propagate.

Error: 429 Too Many Requests

• Cause: The pagination loop is requesting clients too quickly, or other processes are hitting the API limit.
• Fix: Implement exponential backoff in the fetch_all_clients method. The SDK does not automatically retry 429s for paginated queries. Add a time.sleep(1) between pages if you encounter this.

Error: AttributeError: ‘NoneType’ object has no attribute ‘entities’

• Cause: The API call failed silently or returned an empty response structure due to a network error.
• Fix: Wrap the post_oauth_clients call in a try-except block and log the full exception traceback. Check your network connectivity and firewall rules for outbound HTTPS traffic to api.mypurecloud.com.

Official References

• Genesys Cloud OAuth API Documentation
• PureCloud Platform Client SDK for Python
• OAuth Scopes Reference